轻量模块创造工业遗产中的社区公园
Lightweight Modules Transform Industrial Heritage into Vibrant Communal Park
火车街区北入口总览©冉浩宇 View of the North Entrance
一、杂症与愿景：“废墟”更新
Challenges and Vision: Reimagining the “Ruins”
798·751园区是北京最知名的工业遗产更新项目之一，聚集着大量艺术、设计行业的展览、办公及商业空间。“火车街区”位于园区中央，原为751厂的储煤池和铁路专线终点，由一条南北狭长的池坑与两侧铁轨组成。近年来，储煤池被改建为地下停车场，其屋面成为一处抬升小广场。园区保留了铁轨上原有的一节火车头及两节运煤车，又增置十余节邮政、客运等各类报废车厢，引入租户后向公众开放。
The 798·751 Park is one of Beijing’s most renowned industrial heritage renewal projects, hosting numerous exhibition spaces, offices, and commercial venues focused on art and design. The Train Street, located at the park’s center, was originally the coal yard and railway terminus of the former 751 Factory. It consisted of a narrow north-south elongated pit and dual tracks on either side. In recent years, the coal yard was renovated into an underground parking garage, with its rooftop as an elevated plaza. The client preserved a locomotive and two coal wagons from the original railway tracks, while adding over a dozen decommissioned carriages from elsewhere—ranging from postal and passenger units—to create rentable spaces open to public visitors.
总平面图©不也设计工作室 Materplan
2024年，园区启动火车街区改造，以期解决运营中发现的最大硬伤——“空间留不住人”。我们调研后发现，该问题由诸多因素综合导致：
1、广场仅通铺石材而无绿化及休憩设施，车厢租户也未设外摆，令街区显得空旷生硬、不宜停留。
2、街区访客本就以行经为主，其近1:10的平面比例具有强导向性，促使访客加速通行而非逗留。
3、广场20米的空旷宽度超出大多人愿往复横穿的尺度，使访客通常仅沿一侧车厢行进，难以“游逛”。
4、车厢立面门窗较小、封闭感强，缺乏近人尺度的亲和力，不利于吸引访客驻留进入。
5、车厢露出地面仅3米多高，且因类型不一、老化和租户改造等原因，立面视觉杂乱，令广场缺少统一界面与有效围合，产生“荒废感”。
In 2024, the client decided to renovate the Train Street to solve its most pressing operational problem: “the space fails to attract and retain visitors.” Our research identified multiple contributing factors to this problem:
- The stone-paved plaza lacks greenery and resting facilities. Plus, the tenants have not installed any outdoor seating, making the site a vast and inhospitable place to linger.
- As a main passage way of the park, the site’s nearly 1:10 plan aspect ratio creates a strong directional flow, accelerating visitors’already rapid transitrather than encouraging lingering.
- The plaza’s 20-meter width exceeds the comfort zone for most people to cross repeatedly, leading visitors to walk only along one side, limiting opportunities for leisurely exploration.
- The carriages’small, enclosed windows lack human-scale warmth and deter visitors from entering.
- The carriages rise only about 3 meters above ground, with visually chaotic facades due to their varying types, aging materials, and tenant modifications, resulting in a plaza withoutclear spatialdefinition and evokes a sense of abandonment.
火车街区改造前照片©不也设计工作室&李宜桐 Photos of the Train Street before renovation
园区希望将街区从通过性广场改造为吸引公众到访逗留的社区目的地，并摆脱改造前“工业废墟”般的怀旧形象，转而塑造更为年轻、亲切的户外公共空间，同时重新组织动线、提升车厢租户的获客量。
The client aims to transform the Train Street from a transient thoroughfare into a community destination that draws the public to visit and linger. It seeks to shed the “industrial ruin” aesthetic of the past in favor of a youthful, welcoming outdoor public space, while simultaneously reorganizing circulation paths to boost customer traffic for the tenants.
二、限制与解法：轻量模块
Constraints and Solutions: Lightweight Modules
显然，设计的首要任务是将广场切分为一系列小尺度空间。然而，任务书的限制颇为苛刻：广场作为地下停车场屋面，原来也按停车场标准设计，结构活荷载仅为3KN/㎡。我们既不能对结构进行加固，也不能破坏原石材铺装，还需在短暂工期内完成快速搭建，并保证广场上所有新增设计都可随时灵活移动。这些条件均指向一种可直接放置在基地中、不与原结构连接的轻量化、装置化的介入。
Clearly, the primary design objective was to subdivide the plaza into a series of small-scale spaces. However, the project brief imposed stringent constraints: as the plaza sits atop an underground parking garage originally designed to parking-facility standards, the structural live load capacity is limited to just 3 kN/m². We were precluded from reinforcing the structure or disturbing the existing stone paving; furthermore, the project required rapid assembly within a tight timeframe and necessitated that all new design elements remain flexibly movable. These conditions pointed toward a lightweight, installation-based intervention that could be placed directly onto the site without structural anchoring.
园区内使用角钢拼接结构的工业遗迹©不也设计工作室 Industrial relics in the park featuring angle-steel-assembled structures
这些装置需达一定高度，才能满足分割大尺度广场的需要，这意味着设计必须以尽量少（轻）的材料组成较大体量的构筑物。我们发现，园区内很多大型工业遗存的主体结构都采用小截面角钢拼合而成，这本是建国初期为平衡成本、材料易得性、施工难度和结构强度而选择的做法，却成为我们的设计灵感。把细杆以类似桁架的方式组成体量较大、结构自稳定的模块，能在有效分割空间的同时保证构筑物质量轻、不设基础、工厂预制、灵活拆分组合。这样，设计意图与任务书限制均能得到满足。
The installations needed to achieve a certain height to effectively subdivide the large plaza. This meant the design had to create substantial structural forms using minimal material. We drew inspiration from the many large-scale industrial relics within the park, which feature primary structures assembled from small-section angle steel—a construction method originally adopted in the early 1950s to balance cost, material availability, construction feasibility, and structural strength. By assembling s lender members into large-volume, self-stabilizing modules—akin to truss structures—we could effectively partition the plaza while ensuring the installations remain lightweight, foundation-free, factory-prefabricated, and flexibly reconfigurable. This approach reconciled our design intent with the constraints of the project brief.
13种模块轴测示意图©不也设计工作室 Axonometric diagram of the 13 types of modules
经结构工程师计算，模块主体最终根据受力需要，采用截面边长30-63mm、厚度2-6mm不等的多种角钢焊接，以最大限度减轻自重。单个模块的平面尺寸为1.8X1.8m，保证可被两个成年人轻松移动，也符合设计需要的近人尺度。模块以“台”、 “帐”、 “廊” 三类基本原型衍生出13种不同样式，分别服务于休憩、展示、外摆、放映、遮阳、植物池等不同功能。其中，“廊”模块的形式来源于基地最重要的地标性工业遗存——一座横跨广场的龙门吊。自南北向观看，一系列“廊”模块顶部横向延展的U型遮阳格栅层叠栉比，与空中巨大的龙门吊相映成趣。我们详细设计了22种角钢相交节点的焊接和切割方式，确保杆件的搭接符合结构、视觉与安全需要。
Based on structural calculations and load-bearing requirements, the main body of the module is constructed by welding various angle steel sections—ranging from 30–63 mm in side length and 2–6 mm in thickness—to minimize self-weight. Each module measures 1.8 × 1.8 m in plan, ensuring it can be easily moved by two adults while maintaining a human-scale dimension suited to the design intent. Derived from three basic prototypes—”deck,” “tent,” and “corridor”—the modules come in 13 variations serving diverse functions such as resting, display, outdoor seating, screening, shading, and planters. The design of the “corridor” module draws inspiration from the site’s most significant industrial landmark: a gantry crane spanning the plaza. Viewed from the north-south axis, the horizontally extending U-shaped shading louvers atop the “corridor” modules create a layered, rhythmic pattern that echoes the crane’s monumental presence in the skyline. We meticulously detailed the welding and cutting joint configurations for 22 types of steel angles’ intersections, ensuring that the member connections met structural, visual, and safety requirements.
模块的22种角钢相交节点深化图纸©不也设计工作室 The DD Drawings of the 22 types of steel angles’ intersections
模块角钢交接细节©冉浩宇 Detail of the intersections of the steel angles
三、人工礁与街墙：引流、锚固、围合
Artificial Reefs and Street Walls: Channeling, Anchoring, and Enclosure
改造后火车街区整体轴测图©不也设计工作室 Axonometric diagram of the Train Street after renovation
火车街区鸟瞰，“廊”模块与龙门吊形成互文关系©冉浩宇 Aerial view of the Train Street, where the “Corridor” modules echo with the gantry crane
模块及车厢形成的错落体面关系融入园区天际线©冉浩宇 The diverse massing of the modules and carriages blend into the park’s skyline
7组模块被布置在广场上，各由10-15个模块以螺栓连接而成，以一片“台”模块组成的地台为核心，在地台相邻两边分别布置一道“廊”模块和一道“帐”模块。这样，每组模块都能支持多种使用场景，既可用于公众日常休憩，也可独立供各车厢租户设置外摆，还能协同作为整个街区举办大型活动时的基础设施。平面上的“L”形布置也解决了较高模块的抗侧倾问题。
Seven clusters of modules are arranged across the plaza, each assembled from 10 to 15 individual units bolted together. Centered around a platform formed by the “deck” modules, the layout of each cluster features a role of “corridor” modules and a role of “tent” modules positioned along two adjacent sides of the platform. This design allows each cluster to support multiple usage scenarios—space for public daily resting, independent outdoor seating zone for train tenants, or collectively as infrastructure for large-scale events held across the Train Street. The L-shaped layout also eliminates the risk of lateral overturning for the taller modules.
“廊”模块顶部的遮阳槽与龙门吊相映成趣，斜撑被设计为指引方向的箭头©冉浩宇 The shading grating atop the “corridor” module echoes the gantry crane, while the diagonal braces function as directional arrows
“帐”模块提供亲近身体尺度的休憩空间©冉浩宇 The “Tent” module provides an intimate resting space
“台”模块的户外木与植物池改变广场原有生硬形象©冉浩宇 The timber and plant in the “deck” module transform the plaza’s original stark appearance
模块组团为街区提供绿化及夜晚照明©冉浩宇 Modular clusters provide greenery and nighttime lighting for the Street
我们仔细控制各组团间距及平面旋转角度，并将较高的“廊”模块大致沿东西向设置，以其体量与顶部的遮阳槽引导人流，形成一条南北贯穿、东西折复的之字形主动线，增加访客的逗留时间及接触两侧车厢的机会。这些组团同时为街区提供绿化及夜间照明，营造松弛愉悦的公共社区氛围。
We carefully controlled the spacing between each cluster and their planar rotation angles, orienting the taller ‘corridor’ modules roughly along the east-west direction. Their massing and linear overhead sun-shading grooves guide the pedestrian flow, creating a zigzagging primary circulation path that runs north-south while weaving east-west—extending visitors’ lingering time and increasing opportunities for them to engage with the train carriages on either side. These clusters also provide greenery and night-time lighting for the project, fostering a relaxed and vibrant communal atmosphere.
列车的银色立面既引人注目又不过于出挑，与模块的黑色线条互为衬托平衡©冉浩宇 The carriages’ silver-gray finish stands out without overpowering, complementing the black linear members of the modules
东入口旁一节车厢保留原始涂装，成为对面过街楼门洞对景©冉浩宇 The preserved original paint of one carriage near the east entrance serve as a framed visual focal point through a passageway
两层高的“廊”模块可作临时舞台背景支撑©冉浩宇 The double-decker “corridor” module can serve as a temporary support structure for stage backdrop
改造后的火车街区成为访客日常休憩之处©冉浩宇 The renovated Train Street becomes a spot for visitors to relax
按园区提出的“锐意、轻盈”的形象要求，我们对所有车厢进行整体立面改造，采用银灰色涂装统一纷杂的车厢表皮，形成两面映射微光的“街墙”，为广场创造出清晰的边界与内向围合感。列车的银色体面既引人注目又不过于出挑，与模块的黑色线条互为衬托，在视觉上相互平衡。车窗上方新增的挑檐弱化了高大火车立面带来的压迫感，进一步强化空间的近人尺度，为访客提供亲切的心理体验。在正对街区东侧入口的位置，我们保留了一节车厢的原有涂装作为过街楼门洞的对景，而最高的一组双层“廊”模块也被设置于此，作为标志物吸引访客从东入口进入，并与其前方的小空地共同用于举办小型活动。
In response to the client’s vision for a “bold yet chill” project, we undertook a comprehensive facade renovation of all the train carriages. A uniform silver-gray finish was applied to unify the chaotic train exteriors, creating two shimmering “street walls” that clearly define the plaza’s boundaries with a sense of inward enclosure. The metallic sheen of the train stands out without overpowering, complementing the black linear members of the modules to achieve visual balance. Newly added overhangs above the windows mitigate the imposing scale of the tall train facades, fostering a pedestrian-friendly scale and an inviting experience. Directly facing the eastern entrance, we preserved the original paint of one carriage to serve as a framed visual focal point through a passageway. The tallest double-decker “corridor” modules are also positioned here as a landmark to draw visitors in, and along with the small open space in front, create a little square to host small-scale events.
模块组团营造的围合感吸引访客驻留©冉浩宇 The enclosures created by the module clusters invite visitors to linger
发泡陶瓷与户外木两种模块化座凳供访客休憩 ©冉浩宇 Benches made of foamed ceramic and outdoor timber are provided for visitors to rest
“帐”模块上的窗洞创造隔而不断的空间层次©冉浩宇 The window openings on the “Tent” module create visually-connected spatial layers
西侧车厢与广场地面间有约半米高差，为柔化车厢与广场间的交接，我们以消隐通透的黑色护栏替换车厢前原有植被坑的粗壮护栏，并在护栏前设置一道发泡陶瓷座椅，将防御性边界改为开放公共设施。街区西南入口坡道与车厢间的垂直高差与护栏则被多级大台阶取代，不但降低了西南角两节车厢的出租与获客难度，也将街区南入口原来生硬冷漠的面孔改为亲近随性的形象。
A half-meter height difference exists between the western train carriages and the plaza ground. To soften the transition, the original bulky guardrails surrounding the planting pits in front of the carriage are replaced with slender black railings, with foamed-ceramic benches in front of the new railing to convert the defensive barriers into inviting public facilities. The vertical drop and guardrails that previously separated the southwest entrance ramp from the carriages are replaced by a series of broad, terraced steps to not only facilitate leasing and visitors’ access to the carriages, but also transform the Train Street’s southern entrance from an imposing threshold into a welcoming, casual area.
发泡陶瓷座椅柔化西侧车厢与广场边界©冉浩宇 Foamed ceramic benches soften the boundary between the carriages and the plaza
新增阶梯看台消弭南入口处站台与坡道间原有高差©冉浩宇 The new terraced steps eliminate the original level difference between the platform and the ramp at the south entrance
7个组团为原本空旷的广场注入亲切而富有节奏的游逛体验，如同放入一片空阔水域中的人工礁，让访客自然减缓步速、延长驻留、聚集互动，从空间层面为街区聚拢人气提供底层基础设施。
The seven clusters infuse the once-open plaza with an inviting, rhythmic strolling experience—akin to artificial reefs placed in a vast expanse of water, naturally slowing visitors’ pace, prolonging their stay, and encouraging gathering and social interaction, thereby providing the foundational spatial infrastructure to draw crowds to the project.
四、剥离与置入：三种车厢
Peeling and Inserting: Three Types of Carriages
一节车厢被改造为剥离表皮的空间装置©冉浩宇 A train carriage was transformed into a spatial installation by stripping away its outer skin
白车厢、黑车厢室内©冉浩宇 The interior view of the “black and white carriages”
白车厢与黑车厢平面图©不也设计工作室 Plan of the “black and white carriages”
白车厢与黑车厢剖面图©不也设计工作室 Section of the “black and white carriages”
因街区东北角一节车厢阻挡了后方楼栋入口，园区原计划移走整节车厢。我们提出将车厢改为一座剥离表皮、展露结构的“小亭”，这样既为后方楼栋创造了一个通透的入口装置，也保留了该节车厢作为东北侧坡道入口标志物的作用，还兼具一定科普功能。据我们了解，这种做法在国内类似火车改造项目中尚属首例。
The client originally planned to remove an entire carriage obstructing a building entrance behind it at the northeast corner. Instead, we proposed transforming it into a “pavilion” by stripping away its outer skin to expose the structural framework. This approach creates an open, airy entrance feature for the building behind, preserves the carriage’s role as a welcoming landmark for the project’s northeast entrance, and incorporates a public education function about train manufacture. To our knowledge, this approach represents the first implementation of its kind in similar train-themed renovation projects across China.
白车厢室内模式变化©冉浩宇 The various interior modes of the “white carriage”
白车厢的穿孔窗扇与翻板座椅兼做展墙、展台©冉浩宇 The perforated wooden window shades and flip-down benches can be used as display walls and tables
黑车厢室内模式变化©冉浩宇 The various interior modes of the “black carriage”
透过白车厢端头的隐框玻璃窗望向车厢内©冉浩宇 View of the “white carriage” interior through the frameless glass window at the rear
两节紧邻广场西侧的车厢被改造为园区自持的“慢闪”空间，用于临时展览及零售功能。我们将其分别改造为一暗一亮两种环境，以满足未来不同场景需求。“黑车厢”以壁灯与可调节搁板为设计特点，“白车厢”则在窗内设置了双层双方向开启的穿孔木窗扇，可兼做展示墙/桌，并在墙面安装了以火车翻板座椅为原型的旋转展台/座椅，为使用者提供灵活可能。两节车厢均在中部新增玻璃移门，解决原车厢仅有两端出入口带来的内部动线问题，同时增加立面通透度。
Two train carriages adjacent to the west of the plaza are converted into pop-up spaces for temporary exhibitions and retail. We transformed them into contrasting environments—one dark and one light—to accommodate diverse future scenarios. The “black carriage” features wall-mounted lighting and adjustable shelving systems, while the “white carriage” incorporates double-layered perforated wooden window shades that open in two directions to be used as display wall and table, and wall-mounted rotating display benches inspired by classic flip-down train seats, offering users flexible functionality. Glass sliding doors are added to the center of both carriages, resolving the original circulation constraints of end-only access while enhancing facade transparency.
通过在原运煤车厢内置入完整“盒子”，最大化保留车厢完整性©冉浩宇 By inserting a self-contained “box” into it, the original coal wagon is preserved to the greatest extent
卫生间入口处高挑突出的门头为访客提供导引©冉浩宇 The elevated entrance canopies guide visitors to the restroom
卫生间平面图©不也设计工作室 Plan of the restrooms
卫生间剖面图©不也设计工作室 Section of the restrooms
根据园区规划，两节遗留自751设厂时代的运煤车被改造为卫生间。我们对这两节车厢的处理更为审慎，仅拆除车门上方横梁以满足通行高度，最大程度减少对原貌干扰。一个完整的卫生间盒体被置入车厢中，盒体高出原车厢部分的立面以半透明U玻横窗为室内引入充足光线，入口处高挑突出的门头则为访客提供导引。
As required by the client, two original coal wagons are converted into restrooms. Our intervention prioritized minimal alteration—only removing the door header beams to meet clearance requirements while maximally preserving original features. A self-contained restroom box is inserted into the wagon, its upper portion clad in translucent U-glass clerestory windows to flood the interior with natural light, while its elevated entrance canopy serves as a welcoming beacon for visitors.
卫生间入口夜景©冉浩宇 Nightview of the entrance of the restroom
卫生间室内定制集成化不锈钢洗手池©冉浩宇 Customized integrated stainless steel sinks
卫生间室内通过移门与高窗获得自然采光©冉浩宇 The restroom interior gets natural light through sliding door and clerestory windows
通过家具体量在车厢狭窄宽度内创造出曲折动线，提高隐私度©冉浩宇 Furniture massing create a winding circulation path within the narrow width of the carriage to enhance privacy
五、记忆与当下：历史的混响
MemoryPresent:Fusion of Time
改造后的火车街区成为园区内为数不多的可同时供游客、园区租户及周边居民使用的公共空间©冉浩宇 The renovated project becomes one of the few public spaces within the Park that is simultaneously enjoyed by tourists, tenants, and neighboring residents
利用模块布置的临时摄影展©冉浩宇 A temporary photography exhibition using the modules as display walls
改造后的火车街区成为园区内为数不多的可同时供游客、园区租户及周边居民使用的公共空间，既举办了展览、市集、售卖会、音乐会、露天电影放映等活动，也成为日常人们散步、纳凉、“遛娃”和运动的场所，更成为夜晚受年轻人欢迎的户外聚会地点。
The renovated Train Street has become one of the few public spaces within the 798·751 Park that is simultaneously enjoyed by tourists, tenants, and neighboring residents. It has hosted a variety of events, including exhibitions, flea markets, concerts, sales fairs, and outdoor movie screenings, while also serving as an everyday space for strolls, summer cooling, children’s play, and exercise. By night, it transforms into a vibrant gathering spot particularly popular among youth.
改造后的火车街区利用模块举办各类活动©不也设计工作室 The renovated Train Street utilizes the modules to host various events
我们在项目落成后进行了为时近一年的跟踪，见证了模块以不同密度、不同方式与访客互动、灵活适配各类使用场景，也发现偶有模块被撤去后未及复原时，广场人流再度减少的情形，进一步印证了我们最初制定的设计策略的有效性。
Following the completion of the project, we conducted a nearly year-long follow-up study. We observed the modules interacting with visitors in various ways and at different densities, flexibly adapting to diverse usage scenarios. We also noted that when temporary removal of the modules was occasionally not restored, foot traffic in the plaza declined dramatically—a finding that further validated the effectiveness of our initial design strategy.
南入口总览，项目平等展现不同历史时期的层叠空间信息，新旧“混响”©冉浩宇 View of the south entrance. The project presents layered spatial information from various time, creating a “resonance” where old and new fused into one
设计不但完整保留了全部既有工业设施遗存，也未改动后期建设的停车场，只通过轻盈的构筑物介入与涂装调整，完成项目功能与形象的整合与转变，展现出对空间中不同历史阶段层叠信息的同等尊重，新旧共冶一炉的“混响”在延续、传承基地记忆的同时创造出新的场所精神。
The design preserves all existing industrial heritage in situ while maintaining the later-added parking garage intact. Through minimal interventions with lightweight structures and coating color modification, it achieves an integration and transformation of the project’s function and visual image. This approach manifests equal respect for the site’s historical palimpsest – creating a “resonance” where old and new fused into one. Such a synthesis not only sustains the genius loci but also cultivates a renewed spatial identity.
项目信息
项目名称: 北京798·751火车街区改造
项目类型：改造
项目地点：北京市
设计单位：不也设计工作室
主创建筑师:姜伯源 王静雯 杨硕
设计团队完整名单：姜伯源 王静雯 杨硕 何子杰 甘锦 金一尘 闫辰霄 太海涛 李嘉杰
业主：北京七九八文化科技有限公司
建成状态：建成
设计时间（起迄年月）：2023.8
建设时间（起迄年月）：2025.4
建筑面积（平方米）：4000
施工单位：湖北木之易装饰工程有限公司、京开建设集团有限公司
照明：不热独立灯光设计
施工图深化：深圳市和域城建筑设计有限公司
摄影师：冉浩宇
